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There are 173 published clinical (human) studies on K2 according to a Pubmed search. Many of them are sponsored and published by academia bodies, not private companies.
The results of these studies are copyrighted, however quoting small sections that are directly relevant to something one is writing about is acceptable under Fair Use, as long as one provides an appropriate citation. Summarizing and quoting from a medical article in a news article (Commentary, Criticism, “transformative” purpose) is considered a fair use according to this source. All human clinical studies were designed and performed on Menaquinone-7 chemical compound which does not differ in terms of bioavailability or safety profile regardless if obtained through organic synthesis or biochemistry (industrial fermentation). Vitamin K2 offered in the market differs only in terms of purity offered and presentation oil, powder, microcapsule. We encourage all our clients to produce educational content based on the available study results and fair use policy. In case of advertising of a specific brand, use of third-party study results is prohibited.
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TITLE
Comparison of cheese with and without Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii LMGT 2951 on off-season muscle strength and VO2 max development in Nordic skiers: a randomized clinical trial
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Dec 2025
KEYWORDS
REDs cheese osteocalcin performance probiotics propionibacterium freudenreichii
TITLE
Vitamin K supplementation and bone mineral density in dialysis: results of the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled RenaKvit trial.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Oct 2023
KEYWORDS
"bone mineral density chronic kidney disease end-stage kidney disease menaquinone-7 mineral and bone disorder"
TITLE
The additive effect of vitamin K supplementation and bisphosphonate on fracture risk in post-menopausal osteoporosis: a randomised placebo controlled trial
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jun 2023
KEYWORDS
Bisphosphonate; Hip geometry; Post menopausal osteoporosis; Vitamin K
TITLE
Concurrent Treatment with Vitamin K2 and D3 on Spine Fusion in Patients with Osteoporosis-Associated Lumbar Degenerative Disorders
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Feb 2022
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Six months vitamin K treatment does not affect systemic arterial calcification or bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus 2
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Apr 2021
KEYWORDS
Arterial calcification; Bone mineral density; Cardiovascular disease; Randomized controlled clinical trial; Type 2 diabetes; Vitamin K
TITLE
Effect of vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective cohort study.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Apr 2021
KEYWORDS
"acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone metabolism osetocalcin menaquinone vitamin K2"
TITLE
Effect of vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective cohort study
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Feb 2021
KEYWORDS
acute lymphoblastic leukemia; bone metabolism; menaquinone; osetocalcin; vitamin K2
TITLE
Effect of Low-Dose Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese: A Randomized Controlled Study.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
May 2020
KEYWORDS
Bone mineral density Menaquinone-7 Osteoporosis Postmenopausal women Vitamin K2
TITLE
The combination effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on human bone quality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Apr 2020
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Association of vitamin K with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 2019
KEYWORDS
Cardiovascular disease; Dp-ucMGP; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Osteocalcin; Vitamin K
TITLE
The efficacy and safety of menatetrenone in the management of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jun 2019
KEYWORDS
Efficacy; Menatetrenone; Meta-analysis; Osteoporosis; Safety
TITLE
Effects of macro- and micronutrients on exercise-induced hepcidin response in highly trained endurance athletes
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Oct 2017
KEYWORDS
cycling; cyclisme; hydrates de carbone; inflammation; iron metabolism; métabolisme du fer; protein and carbohydrates; protéines; vitamin D; vitamine D
TITLE
Comparison of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared with treatment with risedronate alone in patients with osteoporosis: Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 2017
KEYWORDS
Osteoporosis; Risedronate; Undercarboxylated osteocalcin; Vitamin K2
TITLE
Health state utility values and patient-reported outcomes before and after vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in an osteoporosis clinical trial
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jun 2017
KEYWORDS
Health economics; Health state utility value; Morphometric vertebral fracture; Osteoporosis; Radiographic assessment
TITLE
Comparison of the effects of 12 months of monthly minodronate monotherapy and monthly minodronate combination therapy with vitamin K2 or eldecalcitol in patients with primary osteoporosis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
May 2016
KEYWORDS
Eldecalcitol; Minodronate; Primary osteoporosis; Vitamin K2
TITLE
Does vitamin K2 play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Mar 2015
KEYWORDS
Bone mineral density . Fracture . Meta-analysis .Osteoporosis . Vitamin K2
TITLE
Effects of risedronate alone or combined with vitamin K2 on serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and osteocalcin levels in postmenopausal osteoporosis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
May 2014
KEYWORDS
Risedronate Vitamin K2 Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) Osteocalcin Vertebral fracture
TITLE
Multidetector-row computed tomography is useful to evaluate the therapeutic effects of bisphosphonates in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
May 2014
KEYWORDS
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis Bone quality Trabecular microarchitecture Multidetector-row computed tomography Bisphosphonate
TITLE
Design of a randomized clinical trial of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared to risedronate alone in osteoporotic patients: Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03 (JOINT-03)
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
May 2014
KEYWORDS
Bisphosphonate Osteoporosis Quality of life Undercarboxylated osteocalcin 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
TITLE
The efficacy of vitamin K2 and calcitriol combination on thalassemic osteopathy.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Nov 2013
KEYWORDS
"bone mineral density menaquinone-7 thalassemic osteopathy vitamin D vitamin K2"
TITLE
Vitamin K, vertebral fractures, vascular calcifications, and mortality: VItamin K Italian (VIKI) dialysis study
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Nov 2012
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Association of vitamin K status with adiponectin and body composition in healthy subjects: uncarboxylated osteocalcin is not associated with fat mass and body weight.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 2012
KEYWORDS
"body fat body weight menaquinone-4 menaquinone-7 postmenopausal women vitamin K2"
TITLE
Olive oil supplemented with menaquinone-7 significantly affects osteocalcin carboxylation.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Oct 2011
KEYWORDS
menaquinone-7 olive oil vitamin K2
TITLE
Vitamin K2 supplementation improves insulin sensitivity via osteocalcin metabolism: a placebo-controlled trial
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 2011
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Effect of GGCX gene polymorphism on the responses of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and bone turnover markers after treatment with vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) among postmenopausal Thai women
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 2011
KEYWORDS
GGCX gene Under-carboxylated osteocalcin Bone turnover markers Menatetrenone Postmenopausal Thai women
TITLE
Doctor initiated clinical trial for obtaining evidences in treatment of osteoporosis: JOINT (Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial) protocol
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 2011
KEYWORDS
TITLE
A comparative effectiveness study of bone density changes in women over 40 following three bone health plans containing variations of the same novel plant-sourced calcium
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Mar 2011
KEYWORDS
bone mineral density; bone-health supplement; women over-40
TITLE
Dietary vitamin K2 supplement improves bone status after lung and heart transplantation
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Feb 2010
KEYWORDS
Vitamin K, Bone mineral density, Lung transplantation, Heart transplantation
TITLE
The effect of menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) supplementation on osteocalcin carboxylation in healthy prepubertal children.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Oct 2009
KEYWORDS
"bone health menaquinone-7 vitamin K2"
TITLE
Vitamin K to prevent fractures in older women: systematic review and economic evaluation
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 2009
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Highly recommended dose of MK4 for osteoporosis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 2009
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Comparative studies on effect of risedronate and alfacalcidol against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritic patients
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 2007
KEYWORDS
osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, risedronate, vitamin D3, bone mineral density
TITLE
Vitamin K2 supplementation improves hip bone geometry and bone strength indices in postmenopausal women
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 2007
KEYWORDS
Bone mineral content, Femoral neck strength, Fracture risk, Menaquinone, Osteoporosis, Vitamin K
TITLE
Effect of vitamin K2 treatment on carboxylation of osteocalcin in early postmenopausal women
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Aug 2006
KEYWORDS
Vitamin K, bone health, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, early postmenopause
TITLE
Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jun 2006
KEYWORDS
vitamin K1, vitamin K2, vitamin K3, phylloquinone, Konakion, phytonadione, menadione, menaquinone, phytomenadione, and Mephyton
TITLE
A head-to-head comparative study for evaluation of effectiveness among drugs for osteoporosis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jan 2006
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Effect of vitamin K2 and estrogen administration on bone formation
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Feb 2004
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Protective effect of vitamins K2 and D3 on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jan 2004
KEYWORDS
Osteoporosis; prednisolone; vitamin D; vitamin K
TITLE
Effect of menatetrenone (vitamin K2) treatment on bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Mar 2003
KEYWORDS
Eating disorder; Osteoporosis; Treatment; Bone metabolism marker
TITLE
Vitamin K(2) (menaquinone 4) reduces serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin level as early as 2 weeks in elderly women with established osteoporosis.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jan 2003
KEYWORDS
bone metabolism calcium menaquinone-4 osteoporosis vitamin K2
TITLE
Pharmacodynamics of menatetrenone and effects on bone metabolism in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Nov 2002
KEYWORDS
menatetrenone; vitamin k; bone mineral density; continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd); pharmacodynamics
TITLE
Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) for bone loss in patients with cirrhosis of the liver
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Apr 2002
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K(2) and vitamin D(3) on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Mar 2002
KEYWORDS
Vitamin K2; Vitamin D3; Bone mineral density; Postmenopause; Coagulofibrinolysis
TITLE
Vitamin K administration to elderly patients with osteoporosis induces no hemostatic activation, even in those with suspected vitamin K deficiency.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Dec 2001
KEYWORDS
"hemostatic balance menaquinone-4 osteoporosis vitamin K2"
TITLE
Randomized pilot trial of vitamin K2 for bone loss in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Oct 2001
KEYWORDS
TITLE
Inverse correlation between the changes of lumbar bone mineral density and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin after vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) treatment in children treated with glucocorticoid and alfacalcidol.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Feb 2001
KEYWORDS
bone mineral density menaquinone-4 vitamin K2
TITLE
Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Mar 2000
KEYWORDS
bone mineral density menaquinone-4 osteoporosis vitamin K2
TITLE
Short-term effect of vitamin K administration on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Feb 2000
KEYWORDS
Glucocorticoids — Osteoporosis — Prednisolone — Vitamin K
TITLE
Intake of fermented soybean (natto) increases circulating vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) and gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin concentration in normal individuals.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jan 2000
KEYWORDS
menaquinone-7 natto vitamin K2
TITLE
Interaction between vitamin K nutriture and bacterial overgrowth in hypochlorhydria induced by omeprazole
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 1999
KEYWORDS
Phylloquinone, menaquinone, vitamin K status, osteocalcin, prothrombin, PIVKA-II, g-carboxyglutamic acid, urinary Gla, bacterial overgrowth, omeprazole
TITLE
Use of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the prevention of bone loss induced by leuprolide
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Aug 1999
KEYWORDS
TITLE
A longitudinal study of the effect of vitamin K2 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women a comparative study with vitamin D3 and estrogen-progestin therapy
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jan 1999
KEYWORDS
Vitamin K2; Bone mineral density; Treatment
TITLE
Menatetrenone ameliorates osteopenia in disuse-affected limbs of vitamin D- and K-deficient stroke patients.
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Sep 1998
KEYWORDS
bone mineral density menaquinone-4 phylloquinone vitamin K1 vitamin K2
TITLE
Efficacy of Vitamin K2 for Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 1905
KEYWORDS
vitamin K2 (menatetrenone), glucocorticoid, osteoporosis, osteocalcin
TITLE
Low-Dose Daily Intake of Vitamin K(2) (Menaquinone-7) Improves Osteocalcin γ-Carboxylation: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trials
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 1905
KEYWORDS
carboxylated osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, blood coagulation, recommended daily intake
TITLE
Prevention of bone loss in children receiving long-term glucocorticoids with calcium and alfacalcidol or menatetrenone
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 1905
KEYWORDS
alfacalcidol; bone mineral density; glucocorticoids; menatetrenone; prevention
TITLE
Vitamin K₂ alters bone metabolism markers in hemodialysis patients with a low serum parathyroid hormone level
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 1905
KEYWORDS
Vitamin K2 ,Bone metabolism markers, Intact parathyroid hormone, Hemodialysis
TITLE
Response of serum carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin to risedronate monotherapy and combined therapy with vitamin K(2) in corticosteroid-treated patients: a pilot study
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 1905
KEYWORDS
vitamin K2, risedronate, corticosteroid, osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
TITLE
Randomized controlled study on the prevention of osteoporotic fractures (OF study): a phase IV clinical study of 15-mg menatetrenone capsules
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jul 1905
KEYWORDS
Osteoporosis, Fractures, Menatetrenone, Controlled study, ADL
TITLE
Vitamin K2 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss partly by preventing the reduction of osteoprotegerin (OPG)
CATEGORY
Bone Health
DATE
Jun 1905
KEYWORDS
Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, Bone formation, Bone resorption
