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There are 55 published clinical (human) studies on K2 according to a Pubmed search. Best to our knowledge, all of them are sponsored and published by academia bodies, not private companies. Some of our competitors provided technical assistance and free placebo and active samples in some of these studies (Collaborators). Please see the list of clinical trials with their sponsors and collaborators from this reliable source.
The results of these studies are copyrighted, however quoting small sections that are directly relevant to something one is writing about is acceptable under Fair Use, as long as one provides an appropriate citation. Summarizing and quoting from a medical article in a news article (Commentary, Criticism, “transformative”purpose) is considered a fair use according to this source.
All human clinical studies were designed and performed on Menaquinone-7 chemical compound which does not differ in terms of bioavailability or safety profile regardless if obtained through organic synthesis or biochemistry (industrial fermentation). Vitamin K2 offered in the market differs only in terms of purity offered and presentation oil, powder, microcapsule.
We encourage all our clients to produce educational content based on the available study results and fair use policy. In case of advertising of a specific brand, use of third-party study results is prohibited.
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TITLE
Engineering a PhrC-RapC-SinR quorum sensing molecular switch for dynamic fine-tuning of menaquinone-7 synthesis in Bacillus subtilis
AUTHORS
Xuli Gao, Yani Luo, Elvis Kwame Adinkra, Yu Chen, Wei Tao, Yongyuan Liu, Mingyu Guo, Jing Wu, Chuanchao Wu, Yan Liu
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Apr 2025
KEYWORDS
Bacillus subtilis; MK-7; PhrC-RapC; SinR
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy for Bacillus subtilis Producing Menaquinone-7 Based on Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
AUTHORS
Lina Yang, Can Tang, Yan Cui, Jianhua Zhang
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Feb 2025
KEYWORDS
ARTP mutant libraries; fluorescence intensity; high yield mutant selection; resequencing; vitamin K2
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Nannochloropsis oceanica as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Mapping the Effects of Cultivation Conditions on Biomass Productivity and Composition Using Response Surface Methodology
AUTHORS
Emil Gundersen, Jette Jakobsen, Susan Løvstad Holdt, Charlotte Jacobsen
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Nov 2024
KEYWORDS
Nannochloropsis oceanica; light intensity; omega-3 fatty acids; protein; salinity; temperature; vitamin K
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Ubiquitous genome streamlined Acidobacteriota in freshwater environments
AUTHORS
Hon Lun Wong, Paul-Adrian Bulzu, Rohit Ghai, Maria-Cecilia Chiriac, Michaela M Salcher
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Oct 2024
KEYWORDS
Acidiparvus; aquatic microbial ecology; freshwater lakes; genome streamlined Acidobacteriota metagenomics; genome streamlined bacteria
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Evaluation of MENAQUINONE-7 and fat-soluble vitamin production by starter cultures during fermentation in dairy products using RPLC method
AUTHORS
Vildan Altuncu, Aykut Kaymaz, Bilge Ertekin Filiz, Ebru Çubuk Demiralay, Tuğba Kök Taş
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Oct 2024
KEYWORDS
Menaquinone‐7; RPLC; fat‐soluble vitamins; fermented dairy products
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
The Impact of Amine-Functionalised Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Menaquinone-7 Isomer Profile and Production of the Bioactive Isomer
AUTHORS
Neha Lal, Mostafa Seifan, Alireza Ebrahiminezhad, Aydin Berenjian
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Aug 2024
KEYWORDS
L-Lysine; 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane; Bacterial cell immobilisation; Biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles; Fermentation; Menaquinone-7 isomers
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
The impact of gut bacteria producing long chain homologs of vitamin K2 on colorectal carcinogenesis
AUTHORS
Joanna Smajdor, Katarzyna Jedlińska, Radosław Porada, Anna Górska-Ratusznik, Aleksandra Policht, Małgorzata Śróttek, Grażyna Więcek, Bogusław Baś, Magdalena Strus
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Nov 2023
KEYWORDS
Carcinogenesis; Colorectal cancer; K2-MK7; Microbiome; Vitamin K2
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Vitamin K status in healthy volunteers
AUTHORS
Theuwissen E, Magdeleyns EJ, Braam LA, Teunissen KJ, Knapen MH, Binnekamp IA, van Summeren MJ, Vermeer C
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Feb 2014
KEYWORDS
menaquinone-7, vitamin K intake, vitamin K2
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Menaquinone-4 in breast milk is derived from dietary phylloquinone.
AUTHORS
Thijssen HH, Drittij MJ, Vermeer C, Schoffelen E
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Mar 2002
KEYWORDS
menaquinone-4, phylloquinone, vitamin K1, vitamin K2
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Anticoagulant effects of warfarin and kinetics of K vitamins in blood and feces.
AUTHORS
Nakamura K, Toyohira H, Kariyazono H, Ishibashi M, Saigenji H, Shimokawa S, Taira A
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Jan 1994
KEYWORDS
menaquinone-7, phylloquinone, vitamin K1, vitamin K2, warfarin
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Vitamin K concentrations in the plasma and liver of surgical patients.
AUTHORS
Usui Y, Tanimura H, Nishimura N, Kobayashi N, Okanoue T, Ozawa K
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
May 1990
KEYWORDS
menaquinone, phylloquinone, vitamin K deficiency, vitamin K1, vitamin K2
PUBMED LINK
TITLE
Dietary deficiency of phylloquinone and reduced serum levels in febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
AUTHORS
Conly J, Suttie J, Reid E, Loftson J, Ramotar K, Louie T
CATEGORY
Vitamin K Deficiency
DATE
Jul 1989
KEYWORDS
menaquinone, phylloquinone, vitamin K deficiency, vitamin K1, vitamin K2
PUBMED LINK
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